![]() Hence, there are even more reasons to intervene with the use of anti-oxidant compounds, such as luteolin, in addition to available vaccines and anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent the harmful actions of the spike protein.ĪCE2 antibodies blood vessels blood-brain barrier coronavirus endothelial cells receptor spike protein.Ĭopyright 2021 Biolife Sas. In this regard, it is known that polyphenols are natural anti-oxidants with multiple health effects. In COVID-19, a response to oxidative stress is required by increasing anti-oxidant enzymes. These findings may be even more relevant to the pathogenesis of long-COVID syndrome that may affect as many as 50% of those infected with SARS-CoV-2. ![]() One paper reported that certain antibodies in the blood of infected patients appear to change the shape of the spike protein so as to make it more likely to bind to cells, while other papers showed that the spike protein by itself (without being part of the corona virus) can damage endothelial cells and disrupt the blood-brain barrier. However, recent reports have raised some skepticism as to the biologic actions of the spike protein and the types of antibodies produced. The best well-known vaccines have utilized either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to direct human cells to produce the spike protein against which the body produces mostly neutralizing antibodies. The cost is also lower than other platforms and will continue to decrease as the technology expands.The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid production of vaccines aimed at the production of neutralizing antibodies against the COVID-19 spike protein required for the corona virus binding to target cells. Protein-based vaccines with their inexpensive production protocols and logistical advantages, including stability at a broad range of temperatures could help to narrow the immunization gap. The manufacturing is sequence-independent, which makes it highly adaptable to different pathogens. Production: mRNA can be quickly designed and scaled up, if necessary. These advances increase the amount of spike protein produced on your cells, thereby stimulating a more effective immune response. Recent technology has modified the mRNA molecule to make it more stable and packaged the molecules in fats (called lipids), increasing cell delivery efficiency. ![]() mRNA is made through a cell-independent process and does not require inactivation thus, it poses no safety concerns due to contamination with toxic agents.Įfficacy: mRNA is rapidly degraded in the body, and cells don't readily take up foreign mRNA. Other strategies such as protein-based or inactivated vaccines also require chemicals and cell cultures to produce. ![]() Safety: Unlike live-attenuated or viral-vectored vaccines, mRNA is non-infectious and poses no concern for DNA integration-mainly because it cannot enter the nucleus which contains DNA. What are the advantages over other vaccine strategies? If you are infected with SARS-CoV-2, your immune system recognizes the same spike protein and can quickly induce an immune response to fight the virus. Your immune system sees the protein and learns how to make an immune response against it. After injection, the cells in your arm muscles pick up the mRNA, make the protein, and display it on the cell's surface. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines include instructions to make one portion of the virus (the spike protein) that is harmless by itself. Messenger RNA (mRNA) provides a recipe that your cells can use to make proteins. What is mRNA, and how do mRNA vaccines work?
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